Directions:(1-5) From the options given below, select the words that best fit in the blanks given in the passage.

1.Marketing is one of the most important things you can do as a business owner. Without a marketing strategy and __(1)___ advertising, many businesses simply do not make it. Many business owners think that simply having a store front or running an ad in the yellow pages is all they need to do and soon realize, it’s not that easy.
In today’s world, businesses big or small are finding more and more ___(2)___ when it comes to traditional marketing strategies. Running an ad in a local publication or paying for a spot in the yellow pages, just doesn’t produce the same results they once achieved and are very expensive.
The reason why this is happening is that we are in a rapid changing communication age. With the birth of the Internet and number of internet-ready cellphones ___(3)____ globally, the effects on marketing are tremendous and are taking the marketing challenges to a new level. International businesses large or small are facing the same challenges.
The technical requirements associated with setting up a website, understanding social media, creating campaigns that will promote brand and convert traffic into buyers, are all part of the requirements necessary to market a business in today’s world. The problem is many business owners need to focus on running the business and do not have the time, can’t manage, nor have all the skillset required to create and manage an ___(4)____ marketing program.
One new marketing method that will have a tremendous ___(5)___ on businesses globally has to do with mobile text marketing. Mobile text marketing targets cell phone users in a very unique way. Similar to the time when e-mail marketing was brand new, mobile text marketing has a much higher response rate. With response rates at 90% plus, business owners need pay attention and incorporate this strategy into the overall marketing strategy.

Ans: 3
The word used in the first blank should be very similar in meaning to ‘marketing strategy’. ‘Targeted’ fits the bill. ‘Targeted advertising’ means to make advertising campaigns by targeting certain segments of people. Option c) is the correct answer.

2.Marketing is one of the most important things you can do as a business owner. Without a marketing strategy and __(1)___ advertising, many businesses simply do not make it. Many business owners think that simply having a store front or running an ad in the yellow pages is all they need to do and soon realize, it’s not that easy.
In today’s world, businesses big or small are finding more and more ___(2)___ when it comes to traditional marketing strategies. Running an ad in a local publication or paying for a spot in the yellow pages, just doesn’t produce the same results they once achieved and are very expensive.
The reason why this is happening is that we are in a rapid changing communication age. With the birth of the Internet and number of internet-ready cellphones ___(3)____ globally, the effects on marketing are tremendous and are taking the marketing challenges to a new level. International businesses large or small are facing the same challenges.
The technical requirements associated with setting up a website, understanding social media, creating campaigns that will promote brand and convert traffic into buyers, are all part of the requirements necessary to market a business in today’s world. The problem is many business owners need to focus on running the business and do not have the time, can’t manage, nor have all the skillset required to create and manage an ___(4)____ marketing program.
One new marketing method that will have a tremendous ___(5)___ on businesses globally has to do with mobile text marketing. Mobile text marketing targets cell phone users in a very unique way. Similar to the time when e-mail marketing was brand new, mobile text marketing has a much higher response rate. With response rates at 90% plus, business owners need pay attention and incorporate this strategy into the overall marketing strategy.

Ans: 5
Businesses do not generally encounter protests or confrontations in their day-to-day operations. Among the other three words, the word ‘challenges’ is most suitable. ‘Challenges faced by businesses’ is an often-used phrase. So, option e) is the correct answer.

3.Marketing is one of the most important things you can do as a business owner. Without a marketing strategy and __(1)___ advertising, many businesses simply do not make it. Many business owners think that simply having a store front or running an ad in the yellow pages is all they need to do and soon realize, it’s not that easy.
In today’s world, businesses big or small are finding more and more ___(2)___ when it comes to traditional marketing strategies. Running an ad in a local publication or paying for a spot in the yellow pages, just doesn’t produce the same results they once achieved and are very expensive.
The reason why this is happening is that we are in a rapid changing communication age. With the birth of the Internet and number of internet-ready cellphones ___(3)____ globally, the effects on marketing are tremendous and are taking the marketing challenges to a new level. International businesses large or small are facing the same challenges.
The technical requirements associated with setting up a website, understanding social media, creating campaigns that will promote brand and convert traffic into buyers, are all part of the requirements necessary to market a business in today’s world. The problem is many business owners need to focus on running the business and do not have the time, can’t manage, nor have all the skillset required to create and manage an ___(4)____ marketing program.
One new marketing method that will have a tremendous ___(5)___ on businesses globally has to do with mobile text marketing. Mobile text marketing targets cell phone users in a very unique way. Similar to the time when e-mail marketing was brand new, mobile text marketing has a much higher response rate. With response rates at 90% plus, business owners need pay attention and incorporate this strategy into the overall marketing strategy.

Ans: 1
The sentence is conveying the idea that the number of phones that can access Internet is growing rapidly. ‘Contracting’ is incorrect. Similarly, the words ‘bulging’ and ‘broadening’ are inappropriate. Between the remaining two words – expanding and spreading – expanding is more suitable. Option A is the correct answer.

4.Marketing is one of the most important things you can do as a business owner. Without a marketing strategy and __(1)___ advertising, many businesses simply do not make it. Many business owners think that simply having a store front or running an ad in the yellow pages is all they need to do and soon realize, it’s not that easy.
In today’s world, businesses big or small are finding more and more ___(2)___ when it comes to traditional marketing strategies. Running an ad in a local publication or paying for a spot in the yellow pages, just doesn’t produce the same results they once achieved and are very expensive.
The reason why this is happening is that we are in a rapid changing communication age. With the birth of the Internet and number of internet-ready cellphones ___(3)____ globally, the effects on marketing are tremendous and are taking the marketing challenges to a new level. International businesses large or small are facing the same challenges.
The technical requirements associated with setting up a website, understanding social media, creating campaigns that will promote brand and convert traffic into buyers, are all part of the requirements necessary to market a business in today’s world. The problem is many business owners need to focus on running the business and do not have the time, can’t manage, nor have all the skillset required to create and manage an ___(4)____ marketing program.
One new marketing method that will have a tremendous ___(5)___ on businesses globally has to do with mobile text marketing. Mobile text marketing targets cell phone users in a very unique way. Similar to the time when e-mail marketing was brand new, mobile text marketing has a much higher response rate. With response rates at 90% plus, business owners need pay attention and incorporate this strategy into the overall marketing strategy.

Ans: 4
The word used in this blank should mean ‘successful in producing a desired result’. This meaning is not conveyed by any of the words in the options except ‘effective’. The sentence is trying to convey the idea that along with some other skills, business owners do not generally have the skills required to manage a successful marketing campaign. So, option D is the correct answer.

5.Marketing is one of the most important things you can do as a business owner. Without a marketing strategy and __(1)___ advertising, many businesses simply do not make it. Many business owners think that simply having a store front or running an ad in the yellow pages is all they need to do and soon realize, it’s not that easy.
In today’s world, businesses big or small are finding more and more ___(2)___ when it comes to traditional marketing strategies. Running an ad in a local publication or paying for a spot in the yellow pages, just doesn’t produce the same results they once achieved and are very expensive.

The reason why this is happening is that we are in a rapid changing communication age. With the birth of the Internet and number of internet-ready cellphones ___(3)____ globally, the effects on marketing are tremendous and are taking the marketing challenges to a new level. International businesses large or small are facing the same challenges.
The technical requirements associated with setting up a website, understanding social media, creating campaigns that will promote brand and convert traffic into buyers, are all part of the requirements necessary to market a business in today’s world. The problem is many business owners need to focus on running the business and do not have the time, can’t manage, nor have all the skillset required to create and manage an ___(4)____ marketing program.
One new marketing method that will have a tremendous ___(5)___ on businesses globally has to do with mobile text marketing. Mobile text marketing targets cell phone users in a very unique way. Similar to the time when e-mail marketing was brand new, mobile text marketing has a much higher response rate. With response rates at 90% plus, business owners need pay attention and incorporate this strategy into the overall marketing strategy.

Ans 2
The word used in this blank should mean ‘a marked effect or influence’. The word that is most suitable in this context, from the options given, is ‘impact’. The words ‘hit’, ‘encounter’ and ‘shock’ do not have a positive connotation and the word ‘contact’ is inappropriate. So, option B is the correct answer.

Directions:(6-10) Fill in the blanks

6.A war is generally a conflict between nations, countries, or individuals, for __[6]__ of land or a throne, but the Holy Wars were not such. They were __[7]__ made by those Christians who were determined to rescue the Sepulchre, or tomb, of Christ and the City of Jerusalem, from the rule of unbelievers.
For eighty-eight years Christian kings ruled in Palestine, then all the land was __[8]__ by the Mohammedans, except a few cities, and the Christians sent out another, and still another, and another expedition to __[9]__ the enemy, but all were useless. The Holy City and the Holy Sepulchre were still in the hands of infidels, who __[10]__ the pilgrims who visited the Holy Tomb; and the Christians sent a heart-rending cry to all Europe for help, but Europe was slow to answer the appeal, and it was several years after Pope Innocent ordered a new Crusade, before an army departed for the scene of conflict.

Ans:4
A and B can be eliminated as amalgamation or divide of land or throne makes no sense. Need is also incorrect as the blank requires a noun in its place. Since the blank is followed by ‘of’, keenness doesn’t fit in the blank. Possession fits in the context perfectly and hence D is the correct answer.

7.A war is generally a conflict between nations, countries, or individuals, for __[6]__ of land or a throne, but the Holy Wars were not such. They were __[7]__ made by those Christians who were determined to rescue the Sepulchre, or tomb, of Christ and the City of Jerusalem, from the rule of unbelievers.
For eighty-eight years Christian kings ruled in Palestine, then all the land was __[8]__ by the Mohammedans, except a few cities, and the Christians sent out another, and still another, and another expedition to __[9]__ the enemy, but all were useless. The Holy City and the Holy Sepulchre were still in the hands of infidels, who __[10]__ the pilgrims who visited the Holy Tomb; and the Christians sent a heart-rending cry to all Europe for help, but Europe was slow to answer the appeal, and it was several years after Pope Innocent ordered a new Crusade, before an army departed for the scene of conflict.

Ans:1
Hastening, claims, and stoppage can be eliminated as they make no sense in the context of the sentence. Between expeditions and travel, expeditions is the correct answer as the blank is followed by made and making travel doesn’t make any sense.

8.A war is generally a conflict between nations, countries, or individuals, for __[6]__ of land or a throne, but the Holy Wars were not such. They were __[7]__ made by those Christians who were determined to rescue the Sepulchre, or tomb, of Christ and the City of Jerusalem, from the rule of unbelievers.
For eighty-eight years Christian kings ruled in Palestine, then all the land was __[8]__ by the Mohammedans, except a few cities, and the Christians sent out another, and still another, and another expedition to __[9]__ the enemy, but all were useless. The Holy City and the Holy Sepulchre were still in the hands of infidels, who __[10]__ the pilgrims who visited the Holy Tomb; and the Christians sent a heart-rending cry to all Europe for help, but Europe was slow to answer the appeal, and it was several years after Pope Innocent ordered a new Crusade, before an army departed for the scene of conflict.

Ans: 2
From the construction of the sentence we can understand that the blank should be a verb in the simple past form. Thus, A and C can be eliminated. Kidnapped and snatched are not verbs which are associated with land. B perfectly fits in the context and thus is the correct answer.

9.A war is generally a conflict between nations, countries, or individuals, for __[6]__ of land or a throne, but the Holy Wars were not such. They were __[7]__ made by those Christians who were determined to rescue the Sepulchre, or tomb, of Christ and the City of Jerusalem, from the rule of unbelievers.
For eighty-eight years Christian kings ruled in Palestine, then all the land was __[8]__ by the Mohammedans, except a few cities, and the Christians sent out another, and still another, and another expedition to __[9]__ the enemy, but all were useless. The Holy City and the Holy Sepulchre were still in the hands of infidels, who __[10]__ the pilgrims who visited the Holy Tomb; and the Christians sent a heart-rending cry to all Europe for help, but Europe was slow to answer the appeal, and it was several years after Pope Innocent ordered a new Crusade, before an army departed for the scene of conflict.

Ans: 5
B and D are incorrect as the verb in the place of blank should be used in simple present form. Soften and laud the enemy doesn’t make much sense in the context. Thus, E is the correct answer.

10.A war is generally a conflict between nations, countries, or individuals, for __[6]__ of land or a throne, but the Holy Wars were not such. They were __[7]__ made by those Christians who were determined to rescue the Sepulchre, or tomb, of Christ and the City of Jerusalem, from the rule of unbelievers.
For eighty-eight years Christian kings ruled in Palestine, then all the land was __[8]__ by the Mohammedans, except a few cities, and the Christians sent out another, and still another, and another expedition to __[9]__ the enemy, but all were useless. The Holy City and the Holy Sepulchre were still in the hands of infidels, who __[10]__ the pilgrims who visited the Holy Tomb; and the Christians sent a heart-rending cry to all Europe for help, but Europe was slow to answer the appeal, and it was several years after Pope Innocent ordered a new Crusade, before an army departed for the scene of conflict.

Ans: 3
From the context of the sentence, we can understand that the blank should suggest a negative remark for the infidels. This can only be done when we use ‘persecuted’ in the sentence.

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