71. If X earns ________% more than Y, then Y earns ________% less than X. What will come in place of blanks?

यदि X, Y से ________% अधिक कमाता है, तो Y, X से ________% कम कमाता है। तो रिक्त स्थान में क्या आएगा?

Option “C” is correct.

Option 1:

If X is 20% more than Y;

Suppose Y = 100 and X = 120

∴ Y will be 16.66% (= 20/120) less than X.

Option 2:

If X is 25% more than Y;

Suppose Y = 100 and X = 125

∴ Y will be 20% (= 25/125) less than X.

Hence, both 1 and 2 are correct.

72. The price of milk is increased by 5%. By what percent should a shopkeeper reduce the consumption of milk in sweets so as not to increase the price of sweets?

दूध की कीमत में 5% की वृद्धि होती है। एक दुकानदार को मिठाइयों में दूध की खपत कितने प्रतिशत कम करनी चाहिए ताकि मिठाइयों की कीमत में वृद्धि ना हो?

Option “A” is correct.

Reduction in milk consumption = 5/105 × 100 = 4.77%

Detailed Solution:

Given:

The price of milk is increased by 5%.

Calculation:

Let the price of the original consumption of 1 lit milk be Rs. 100.

∴New price of 1 lit milk = 100 + 100 × 5/100 = 105

New price of 1 lit milk = Rs. 105

Expenditure = price × consumption quantity

Let consumption reduce to N% from original consumption of milk C.

As expenditure should remain the same,

⇒ 100 × C = 105 × N% of C

⇒ 100 × C = 105 × (N/100) × C

⇒ N = 10000/105

⇒ N = 95.23%

Consumption becomes 95.23%,thus reduced by, 100 – 95.23 =4.77%

∴The consumption of milk is reduced by 4.77% to maintain the same price of sweets.

73. The price of tea is reduced by 4%. How many kilograms of tea one can bought for the money which was sufficient to buy 48 kg of tea before?

एक चाय की कीमत 4% से कम हो गई। जो पैसा पहले 48 किग्रा चाय खरीदने के लिए पर्याप्त था उससे कोई व्यक्ति कितने किग्रा चाय खरीद सकता था?


Let the original price of 1 kg tea be Rs. 100.

Total money needed to buy 48 kg tea 

= 48 × 100

= 4800

New price of tea as price is decreased by 4% per kg,

New price of 1 kg of tea = 100 – 100 × 4/100 = 96

Quantity of tea bought for 

= 4800/96

= 50

∴ As there is reduction in price of 1 kg, one can buy 50 kg of tea in same price.

74.Given below are two quantities named A & B. Based on the given information; you have to determine the relation between the two quantities. You should use the given data and your knowledge of Mathematics to choose between the possible answers.

Quantity A: If x is 20% more than y and y is 62.5% less than 840, then find the value of x.

Quantity B: 420


Option “A” is correct.

Quantity A:

⇒ y = (100 – 62.5)% of 840

⇒ y = 37.5% of 840

⇒ y = 3/8 × 840 = 315

Now,

⇒ x = (100 + 20)% of y

⇒ x = 1.2 × 315 = 378

⇒ Quantity A = 378

Quantity B: 420

∴ Quantity A < Quantity B

75. On 15th August Levi’s was offering two successive discounts of 50% + 50%. How much discount does they actually offering?

15 अगस्त को लेवाइस 50% + 50% की दो क्रमागत छूट देती है। वास्तव में वह कितनी छूट देती है?

Option “D” is correct.

GIVEN:

Two successive discounts = 50% + 50%

FORMULA USED:

Total discount percent offered = Total discount/ Marked price × 100

CALCULATION:

Let the marked price be 100x

After giving first,

Selling price = 100x – 50% of 100x

⇒ 100x – 50x = 50x

After giving second discount,

Selling price = 50x – 50% 0f 50x

⇒ 50x – 25x = 25x

Total discount = 50x + 25x = 75x

Total discount percent offered = (75x/100x) × 100 = 75%

76. The income of Raju is 20% more than his expenditure. If his income increases by 60% and his expenditure increases by 70%, then by what percent does his savings increase/decrease?

Option “D” is correct.

Let the expenditure of Raju be 100x.

Income of Raju = 100x × [120/100] = 120x

Saving of Raju = 120x – 100x = 20x

New income of Raju = 120x × [160/100] = 192x

New expenditure of Raju = 100x × [170/100] = 170x

⇒ Required percentage = [(22x – 20x)/20x] × 100 = 10% (increase)

77. If the price of a commodity is increased by 33.3̅3%  by what fraction must its consumption be reduced so as to keep the same expenditure on its consumption?

यदि एक वस्तु की कीमत 33.3̅3% बढ़ जाती है, तो इसकी खपत के कितने भाग को कम करना चाहिए जिससे इसकी खपत पर व्यय समान रखा जा सके?

Option “D” is correct.

We know that 33.3̅3% = 3313%=1003%3313%=1003%

∴ Required fractional decrease =R/100+R where R = increase/decrease in quantity)

∴ Required fractional decrease =100+3/100+100/3=100+3/400/3=1/4

78. Income of A is 25% more than the income of B. If income of A is increased in the ratio 5 ∶ 6 while the income of B increased in the ratio 4 ∶ 5. Then what percent income of A is more than the income of B?

A की आय B की आय से 25% अधिक है। यदि A की आय में 5 : 6 के अनुपात में वृद्धि होती है, जबकि B की आय में 4 ∶ 5 के अनुपात में वृद्धि होती है, तो A की आय B की आय से कितने प्रतिशत अधिक है?

Option “B” is correct.

Let the income of B be 100x.

Income of A = 100x × (125/100) = 125x

After increment income of A = 125x × 6/5 = 150x

After increment income of B = 100x × 5/4 = 125x

Income of A is more than the income of B by = (150x – 125x/125) × 100 = 20%

79. A man spends 72% of his income. If his income increases by 28% and his expenditure increases by 25%, then what is the percentage increase or decrease in his savings (correct to one decimal place)?

एक पुरुष अपनी आय का 72% खर्च करता है। यदि उसकी आय 28% बढ़ जाती है और उसका व्यय 25% बढ़ जाता है, तो उसके बचत में प्रतिशत वृद्धि या कमी क्या है?

Option “A” is correct.

Let the income and expenditure be 100x and 72x respectively.

Savings = Income – Expenditure = 100x – 72x = 28x

New income = 100x + 100 × 28/100 = 128x

New expenditure = 72x + 72x × 25/100 = 90x

New savings = 128x – 90x = 38x

Required percentage = (38x – 28x)/28x × 100 = 35.7%

80. If 2 Jio sim is offered free on purchase of 8 Jio sims priced Rs. 400 each, then find the effective discount percentage.

यदि 400 रुपए की कीमत वाले प्रत्येक 8 जियो सिम की खरीदारी पर 2 जियो सिम मुफ्त प्रदान किये जाते हैं, तो प्रभावी छूट प्रतिशत ज्ञात करें।


Option “B” is correct.

Given:

2 Jio sim is offered free on purchase of 8 Jio sims

Formula used:

The effective discount = [Free sim/(Free sim + purchased sim)] × 100

Calculation:

The effective discount = [2/(2 + 8)] × 100

⇒ (2/10) × 100

∴ Required percentage 20%

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